Una rete allargata degli Usa alla ricerca di alleati contro il progetto nucleare dell’Iran

Usa, rel. int.li, Iran, Russia, India Nyt 05-09-10

Una rete allargata degli Usa alla ricerca di alleati contro il progetto nucleare dell’Iran
Steven R. Weisman
L’amministrazione
Bush ha aperto una battaglia diplomatica con Russia, Cina e India
perchè appoggino la richiesta, condivisa da Francia, GB e Germania e
direzione Ue, di deferire la questione del nucleare iraniano al C.d.S.
Onu, nella prossima riunione del 19 settembre.
Russia e India hanno respinto la richiesta, perché prematura, che rischia di portare ad uno conflitto. L’amministrazione americana sta accrescendo la pressione su India e Russia per convincerle; Russia, Cina e India sono per la Rice vitali, potenziali alleati per la questione iraniana.

Gli Usa stanno facendo pressione perché l’India cooperi
contro l’Iran, minacciando di far revocare la decisione dal Congresso
l’offerta di aiuto per il nucleare civile, per il quale era stato sospeso il bando (dato che l’India possiede armi nucleari).
Ampia opposizione alla richiesta Usa e Ue anche tra i 35 paesi membri Aiea, dove per tradizione una questione non viene deferita al C.d.S. Onu se non vi è ampio consenso.
Si oppone in particolare un gruppo di paesi guidati dalla Malesia, comprendenti Brasile e Sud Africa, appartenenti al cosiddetto movimento dei non-allineati. La Cina non si è finora espressa, ma si ritiene che non vorrà opporsi al gruppo dei non-allineati.

I Pvs sembrano essere stati blanditi dall’Iran con contratti di forniture, ma condividono la rivendicazione iraniana del completo controllo sui propri reattori nucleari ad uso civile.

Nyt 05-09-10

Wider U.S. Net Seeks Allies Against Iran’s Nuclear Plan
By STEVEN R. WEISMAN

WASHINGTON, Sept. 9 – Stymied in its effort to rally a worldwide coalition to press Iran, the Bush
administration has opened an unusual diplomatic struggle with Russia,
China and India to have Iran’s suspected nuclear weapons activities
brought before the United Nations Security Council for possible
sanctions.

But the administration’s efforts face an uphill battle, endangering its longtime goal of stopping what Western experts say is Iran‘s pursuit of a nuclear bomb.

Earlier
this week, both Russia and India rebuffed the United States and its
European allies, saying they opposed sending the issue to the Council
at this time. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said Friday, however, that she and President Bush would try to change their minds at United Nations meetings next week.

"We need leadership on this," Ms. Rice said at a State Department news conference, citing Russia, China and India as vital potential partners in telling Iranian leaders to "live up to their international obligations" to suspend uranium conversion and enrichment.

Iran
suspended these activities last year but resumed them last month,
rejecting as inadequate the West’s offer of incentives in return for
Iran’s pledge to stop uranium conversion and enrichment permanently.

Ms. Rice’s comments reflected a sense of growing urgency over Iran, in part because of what American and European diplomats say are indications that it has recently accelerated activities that the West says are a precursor to making weapons-grade nuclear fuel.

At the moment, however, opposition
to further pressure on Iran is widespread among the 35 countries on the
board of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations watchdog, where by tradition an issue is not referred to the Security Council without a broad consensus.

Without that support, it would be easier for Russia or China to veto any Security Council action, Western diplomats fear.

France,
Britain, Germany and the leadership of the European Union all favor
referring the issue to the Security Council and plan to demand that the
board act at its next meeting, on Sept. 19.

But
not only India and Russia are opposed to the referral; so are the
countries in a bloc of other nations, led by Malaysia, and including
Brazil and South Africa, which belong to the so-called nonaligned
movement. China has not indicated its preference, but several diplomats say it would have trouble defying the nonaligned bloc.

"This is an I.A.E.A. matter and should be resolved here in Vienna, not at the United Nations Security Council," Rajmah Hussain, the Malaysian ambassador to the agency, said in an interview. "We do not want to precipitate a crisis."

Lacking
a consensus, the United States and its European allies have shifted
strategy and are now trying to get the matter referred to the Security
Council by a simple majority of the agency’s board, a step that
officials in Vienna say is without precedent. North Korea was referred to the United Nations, for example, by consensus.

The developing nations have been swayed in part by blandishments from Iran, like energy supply contracts, many diplomats say. But they are also supporters of Iran’s right to have complete control over its civilian nuclear reactors, a right that the West says Iran has forfeited because of evidence that it hid its activities from inspectors for many years.

The
Bush administration has been demanding for two years that Iran be
penalized because of its failure to disclose these activities. But
winning agreement for sanctions has been difficult because while a succession of international inspectors have criticized Iran for failing to be candid, they have also failed to turn up concrete evidence of weapons programs.

In a meeting with foreign reporters and academics on Monday, President
Vladimir V. Putin of Russia said he agreed that Iran needed to be kept
from making nuclear arms but added that it was premature to take up the
matter at the United Nations. The Indian foreign minister, K.
Natwar Singh, visited Teheran last weekend and afterward Indian
officials said they agreed with Russia.

"We don’t want to end up in a confrontation with Iran,"
a senior Indian official said in an interview from New Delhi. "We’re
concerned that if Iran is pushed too far, it will turn its back on the
whole dialogue with the Europeans on this."

A senior State Department official said Friday, however, that India and Russia might still be persuaded in coming days, when Ms. Rice and Mr. Bush plan to step up the pressure.

"We’d like to have a consensus but technically you don’t need one,"
said the official. "There’s a very intense diplomatic campaign going
on, and the Europeans are fanning out across the globe. We haven’t
given up on this."

India‘s
rebuff of the administration has been acutely felt. Over the summer,
the United States offered India help on civilian nuclear matters,
saying it would waive a ban on such help required because of India’s
nuclear weapons. Now the United States is pressing India to cooperate
on Iran to avoid having Congress void that deal.

The European-American strategy has been dealt other blows recently, including the election of a hard-liner as Iran’s president and
a report from the I.A.E.A. on Sept. 2 that was viewed as a mild rebuke
of Iran but not the "smoking gun" some had hoped would persuade
wavering countries.

American officials
maintain that they have already won a major argument, convincing the
world that Iran’s activities are improper even if no immediate action
is taken.

"The Iranians have miscalculated
if they think they have broad support for what they are doing," R.
Nicholas Burns, under secretary of state for political affairs, said in
an interview. "They do not have a significant number of countries
rushing to their defense. What is likely to happen at the I.A.E.A. and
beyond is a ratcheting up of international pressure on Iran."

Usa, rel. int.li, Iran, Russia, India Nyt 05-09-10

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